The University of South Carolina Center for Childhood Neurotherapeutics includes laboratories housed in the Coker Life Sciences and Jones Physical Sciences Buildings in Columbia, South Carolina. Research activities in the Center are broadly focused on neural connectivity. The human brain contains billions of neurons, and connections between these neurons, termed synapses, make the brain and spinal cord work. Neurons extend long cytoplasmic processes, ‘dendrites’ and ‘axons’, to form these connections with other neurons and with their target tissues (e.g., muscle). In many vertebrate organisms including humans, the axons can extend for a meter or more distance. Developing and maintaining such long cellular extensions is a daunting, but essential, undertaking. Injury to axons through disease or trauma presents new challenges if any function is to be recovered. Research projects in the Center are focused on how development, function, and repair of neural connectivity. Funding for work in the Center has included awards from the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, the US Department of Defense, the Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation, and the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation.